by Galina Imrie
In general, sympathetic stimulation causes inhibition of gastrointestinal secretion and motor activity, and contraction of gastrointestinal sphincters and blood vessels. In a word, when the rest of the body is in a "fight" mode, the gut is struggling.
That is why many people suffer from diarrhoea before an important meeting or an exam. When the brain triggers the body's fight or flight response, adrenaline is released, and the body experiences a heightened awareness of surroundings. There are several changes in the body, such as rapid respiration and increased muscle tension.
Systems that are not deemed essential for survival, such as the bowels, slow right down and get a limited blood supply. In this situation, the bowel does what a good pilot would do to save the passengers if the aircraft was in trouble: dump all fuel except for what is required to try and get to base safely. In the context of saving a life, fuel is immaterial. This is an example of how the brain can send signals to the digestive system, and the digestive system will respond.

Conversely, parasympathetic stimuli typically encourage digestive activities. That is why university students who suffer constipation or diarrhoea instantly get better when they go back home even for a short break: they relax, it is their room, their toilet, and they can get to the toilet when they want rather than when they can. In a word, they become more parasympathetic. Less stress equals better digestion quality.
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